Economic Indicators

GDP Growth

• West Africa: Côte d'Ivoire (6.4%), Senegal (9.7%), Ghana (5.7% in 2024) [18][19][13]
• East Africa: Ethiopia (10.5% avg. 2005–2016), Rwanda (6.1% forecast for 2025) [1][12]
• Southern Africa: Zambia (6.6%), Angola (1.2% forecast) [17][15]
• Continent-wide GDP growth projected at 4.1% in 2025, rising to 4.4% in 2026 [2]

Inflation

• High: Nigeria (34.6%), Angola (28.4%), Egypt (25.5%) [4][15]
• Stable: South Africa (2.8%), Morocco (0.7%), Kenya (2.8%) [4][10]

Currency & Debt

• Nigeria faces stagflation with debt servicing at N16.3T (exceeding key sector budgets) [14]
• Morocco's fiscal deficit narrowing to pre-pandemic levels (debt: 67–68% of GDP) [10]

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)

• Record $94B FDI in 2024 (+85% YoY), led by Egypt ($35B for Ras El-Hekma project) [3]
• Sub-Saharan Africa: $44B (+18% YoY), driven by mining (DRC, Zambia) and tech [3][16][17]
• Key Investors: UAE's ADQ (Egypt), Ivanhoe Mines ($75M African exploration budget) [3][20]

Sectoral Developments

Technology & Agriculture

• Ethiopia launched a Digital Agriculture Roadmap (2025–2032) to modernize farming via smartphone-based services [11]
• Nigeria's tech sector hampered by power shortages and currency volatility [14]

Renewable Energy

• South Africa secured €400M for solar/wind projects via EIB and FirstRand Bank [7]
• Senegal's growth surge (9.7%) tied to GTA gas field operations starting in 2025 [19]

Mining & Infrastructure

• DRC plans $7.7B investments (48.7% of 2025 budget) for infrastructure and mining [16]
• Angola's oil output to decline 4.7% in 2025, shifting focus to agriculture [15]

Consumer Markets

• Africa's consumer spending to reach $2.5T by 2030, led by Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa [1]
• Formal retail expansion accelerating, with supermarkets displacing informal markets [1]

Policy & Regulatory Shifts

• Ghana: Eliminated e-levy and betting taxes; introduced VAT reforms to boost compliance [13]
• U.S. Recommendations: Prioritize regional vaccine manufacturing and illicit finance reforms [5]
• AfCFTA: Implementation progress critical for single-market gains by 2030 [1]

Forward-Looking Perspective

Short-Term (2025–2026)

• Growth Catalysts: AfCFTA implementation, renewable energy projects, and Egypt's FDI momentum
• Risks: Inflation in oil-dependent economies, debt sustainability in Ghana/Nigeria

Watch

• Q2 2025: DRC's updated Mineral Resource Estimate for Makoko copper discovery [20]
• H2 2025: IMF negotiations for DRC's $2.5B loan package [16]